Afectaciones de la salud mental relacionadas con la COVID-19 / Mental Health Conditions Related to COVID-19

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha creado una situación de crisis que requiere un enfrentamiento a los efectos directos del virus y otros problemas de salud relacionados por el temor al contagio, y a las medidas de confinamiento que repercuten en la salud mental. Objetivo: Describir afectaciones de la salud mental relacionadas con la COVID-19. Métodos: Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica documental, mediante búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos científicas MEDLINE, Pubmed, EBsCO y Scielo. Se utilizaron como palabras clave: pandemia COVID-19; salud mental y COVID; cuarentena; impacto psicológico de la COVID-19 y su equivalente en inglés. Se consideraron comunicaciones oficiales de organismos internacionales, regionales y nacionales. Como resultado de la búsqueda se analizaron 44 artículos científicos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El período de estudio estuvo comprendido entre septiembre del 2020 y febrero del 2021, en La Habana, Cuba. Conclusiones: La pandemia COVID-19 ha provocado un impacto negativo en la salud mental. Los síntomas más frecuentes desde el punto de vista de la salud mental han sido: depresión, ansiedad irritabilidad, insomnio, ira, agotamiento emocional y pánico. Se observó trastorno de estrés postraumático. El análisis y conocimiento de los resultados expuestos en esta revisión pueden ser útiles para la valoración de medidas que contribuyan a mitigar los trastornos emocionales en la población y prestarles atención especial a las afectaciones en la salud mental en grupos vulnerables, particularmente al personal de salud(AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a crisis situation that requires coping with the direct effects of the virus and other related health problems due to fear of contagion, and confinement measures that impact mental health. Objective: To describe mental health effects related to COVID-19. Methods: A documentary literature review was carried out by means of electronic searches in the scientific databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Ebsco and SciELO. Key words used were: COVID-19 pandemic; mental health and COVID; quarantine; psychological impact of COVID-19 and its English equivalent. Official communications from international, regional and national agencies were considered. As a result of the search, 44 scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The study period was between September 2020 and February 2021, in Havana, Cuba. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health. The most frequent symptoms from the mental health point of view have been: depression, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, anger, emotional exhaustion and panic. Post-traumatic stress disorder was observed. The analysis and knowledge of the results presented in this review may be useful for the assessment of measures that contribute to mitigate emotional disorders in the population and pay special attention to mental health effects in vulnerable groups, particularly health personnel(AU)

Abrupt introduction of distance learning during the covid­19 pandemic: What psychological impact on teachers?

As soon as the COVID 19 , the Moroccan education ministry decided to adopt distance learning (DL). Our target was to study the psychological impact of DL on Moroccan teachers during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Among %, and the average age was 41.1±11.5 years. 79.1% participated in DL, 58.8% were required to acquire DL tools and 71.6% had never received DL training. Between the start and the end of confinement, we noticed a decrease in the motivation of teachers.36.2% had definite depressive symptomatology and 41.3% had certain anxiety symptomatology with a significant predominance in women. The frequencies of depression and anxiety were higher in those who had participated in DL, but the association was not significant. Depression was significantly frequent among teachers who were obliged to acquire tools to practice DL P=0.02, those who had never received training DL P=0.046, and those who were not satisfied with the situation P=0.03. We didn't find a direct association between DL and anxiety and depression, which the small sample size may explain, but we did find an association with the variables related to DL

Psychosocial impact of the implementation of COVID-19 protocols

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally since the first case was diagnosed in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and we are now experiencing the fourth wave. Several measures are being taken to care for the infected and to curtail the spread of this novel infectious virus. The psychosocial impact of these measures on patients, relatives, caregivers, and medical personnel also needs to be assessed and catered for. METHODS: This is a review article on the psychosocial impact of the implementation of COVID-19 protocols. The literature search was done using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline. DISCUSSION: Modalities of transportation of the patient to isolation and quarantine centres have led to stigma and negative attitudes towards such individuals. When diagnosed with the infection, fear of dying from COVID-19, fear of infecting family members and close associates, fear of stigmatization, and loneliness are common among COVID-19 patients. Isolation and quarantine procedures also cause loneliness and depression, and the person is at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. Caregivers are continually stressed out and have the constant fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Despite clear guidelines to help with closure for family members of people dying from COVID-19, inadequate resources make this unrealistic. CONCLUSION: Mental and emotional distress resulting from fear of SARS-Cov-2 infection, the mode of transmission, and consequences have a tremendous negative impact on the psychosocial well-being of those affected, their caregivers, and relatives. There is a need for the government, health institutions, and NGOs to establish platforms to cater to these concerns

Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Practitioners in Selangor, Malaysia

@#Introduction: The Coronavirus disease pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has had psychological implications and altered the public’s well-being. In response to the pandemic, mental health practitioners play an essential role in mitigating the adverse psychological effects among the public. However, as the demand for mental health services increases, the responsibilities of mental health professionals are far stretched from what they can handle. Therefore, this research is aimed to explore the psychological impact of the pandemic on the mental health practitioners in Selangor and their coping strategies. Method: A total of 10 mental health practitioners who are clinical psychologists and counselors participated in the one-to-one interview. The collected data were analysed using thematic analysis. Result: The higher client loads, the transition to virtual therapy, burnout, and anxiety were found to have an impact on the mental health practitioners’ well-being. Despite the challenging psychological impact, the mental health practitioners expressed a high level of satisfaction with their jobs, which they attributed to the supportive organisational culture and their intrinsic drive for selecting this profession. The mental health practitioners have reported that perceived organisational support, social support, and self-care approaches are effective coping mechanisms. Mindfulness skills such as breathing techniques and meditation are often practiced by the participants to calm the mind and body from a long day of work. Conclusion: The implication of the study contributes to breaking the stigmatisation of help seeking behaviour among the helping professions, as well as urging the policy makers, governments, and foundations to play a part in providing accessible and quality mental healthcare to the society.

Psychosocial Perceptions as Significant Impact Modifiers - A Mixed Method Research Among Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Context: Covid 19 pandemic which evolved in successive waves had profound pyschosocial impact on affected in-dividuals. Perceptions had impact on both individual and environmental level with potential behavioural conse-quences. The aim of the research is to study the psychosocial perception and psychological impact of COVID- 19 among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methodology: The study was a mixed method research (Quan-Qual sequential design) conducted in the Covid wards of a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore district. The psychological impact was assessed us-ing the General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale. The results of quantitative analyses and qualitative analyses were expressed as proportions and done using thematic analysis using grounded theory respectively. Results: About 55% of the hospitalized Covid-19 patients had psychological impact. On multivariate analysis, the factors which emerged as independent risk factors for presence of psychological morbidi-ties due to COVID were presence of high stress level, sleep disturbances and their perception of COVID as high threat. Conclusions: Focussed Counselling with specific reference to attend to spiritual health component in addition, would go a long way in diminishing immediate and long-term psychological impact due to covid-19 illness.

Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults in India: A Longitudinal Study

A longitudinal follow?up design was used to study the psychological distress and coping among 168 individuals immediately after the national lockdown and after 6 months of the pandemic. Psychological distress was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS?21). The coping strategies used were measured by the Brief?COPE, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS?12) was employed to measure response to uncertainty. On follow?up, the prevalence rates for severe/very severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress had increased substantially from time 1 to time 2. The stepwise multivariate regression analyses revealed that the change in the three DASS?21 scores over time was primarily predicted by intolerance of uncertainty as measured by the IUS?12 and dysfunctional style as assessed by the coping Brief?COPE. There is a need to implement public health policies that promote psychological resilience among high-risk groups.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on adults: Time for a holistic approach

Background: COVID outbreak has escalated the burden of psychological distress and developing countries are struggling to manage cases and prevent deaths. To create a holistic approach its necessary to understand the psychological status during pandemic. Hence a study was conducted to evaluate psychological status of adults during COVID pandemic and to assess the relationship between psychological status and sociodemographic factors. Methods: Cross sectional study design and snow ball sampling technique was employed. The study was conducted on 647 adults using online based questionnaire distributed through the social media application and Email between April 2021 and june 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively along with Socio-demographic details and COVID-19 status. Results: 64.60% belonged to age group 18-24 years, 55.17% were females, 72% of them were unmarried and 61.8% were not working. Mean scores of PHQ-9 were 7.42�01 and GAD-7 was 5.78�23. There was a significant positive correlation between PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores. 13.44% of participants reported severe depression category and 6.64% reported severe anxiety. Significant higher grades of severe depression and anxiety was found among Age <25 years and who studied up to graduate compared to their counter parts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of anxiety and depression are high among general population during COVID pandemic. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on general population should be recognized as a public health priority by health care providers and policy makers who should urgently adopt strategies for a holistic approach in COVID pandemic.

Envisioning the Financial and Psychological Hardships of Cancer

Cancer is one of the leading causes of premature death and disability worldwide. With the progress of the health-care system, the cost of cancer treatment is also rising. Poor households suffer disproportionately from the financial burden of cancer treatment, which has pushed many households into poverty. Thus, cancer poses an economic burden for individuals, families, societies, and governments because of the prolonged medical costs, out-of-pocket expenditures, loss of productivity, and premature deaths. Moreover, the psychological breakdown phenomenon and social implications of cancer play a vital role in dealing with cancer patients. The psychological effect of battling with cancer falls not only on the patient but also on the caregivers and family members. With these backgrounds, an attempt is made in this review paper to highlight the implications of cancer on financial and psychological aspects.

Analysis on related influencing factors and psychological behavior of boys with overactive bladder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in Chinese boys and risk factors, and to evaluate the psychological and behavioral status of OAB patients.Methods:Cross-sectional study.From October 2020 to July 2021, 2 800 boys aged 6-15 years from 6 primary and secondary schools in a county of Henan Province were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method.An anonymous questionnaire was used to investigate the epidemiological situation of OAB, including the basic information, lower urinary tract symptoms, Overactive Bladder Score Scale (OABSS) scores, pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). In addition, the correlation between OAB and residence, body mass index (BMI), nocturnal enuresis (NE), overuse of diapers, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, phimosis, redundant prepuce, and concealed penis by Chi- square test, Logistic multivariate regression analysis, and t-test. Results:A total of 2 333 valid questionnaires were collected.The overall prevalence of OAB in boys was 6.0%(141/2 333 cases). NE, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, overuse of diapers, phimosis, redundant prepuce, concealed penis were risk factors for OAB in boys ( OR>1, P<0.05), while BMI was not a risk factor for OAB in boys ( OR<1, P>0.05). The emotional symptoms[ (7.64±2.03) scores vs.(6.51±2.53) scores], conduct problems [(8.14±1.62) scores vs.(7.31±1.88) scores], hyperactivity[(5.64±2.27) scores vs.(4.98±2.03) scores], peer communication problems [(7.16±1.63) scores vs.(6.59±1.60) scores], difficulty scores[(30.26±6.48) scores vs.(27.69±6.44) scores] and PSQ scores [(5.36±3.00) scores vs.(3.94±2.53) scores] in OAB group were significantly higher than those of non-OAB group ( t=-5.117, -5.005, -3.310, -4.056, -4.553, -5.006, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions:OAB in boys is common and affects mental health and sleep quality.Meanwhile, NE, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, overuse of diapers, phimosis, redundant prepuce, or concealed penis are the risk factors for OAB in boys.

Psychological demands of health professionals in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Recent literature emphasizes how the specific stressors of the COVID-19 outbreak affect the general population and frontline professionals, including those conducting support or backup activities in health units, which can lead to vicarious traumatization. Vicarious traumatization has been used to describe negative emotional reactions in mental health professionals who assist or treat victims of traumatic events. Thus, the aim of this article is to report the actions used in the face of the psychological demands of professionals in a hospital, who were not on the frontline of COVID-19. We collected their sociodemographic information and checked the psychological impact using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21), which was followed by a psychoeducational program (topics related to COVID-19 control and prevention), and individual psychological care for the most severe cases. A total of 118 professionals participated in this study; they were between 20 and 67 years old. Mild to moderate anxiety was observed in 36.5% of the medical teams, 83.3% of the administrative staff, and 65.7% of general service workers, while stress symptoms were observed in 80.2%, 83.3%, and 59.9%, respectively. Depressive symptoms (35.3%) were more frequent in general service workers. The medical teams reported the benefits of primary psychological care, while the other professionals demanded more institutional support services related to the prevention and use of personal protective equipment. This study highlights relevant psychological demands that have repercussions on the daily lives of professionals. The psychoeducational program was considered positive regarding clarification actions. However, it was not perceived as effective in reducing fear, which may result from vicarious traumatization and requires other intervention modalities.

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Diagnosis and Psychological Impact in Two Adolescents, A Case Report

@#This case report illustrates two cases of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) which is a rare form of sexual development disorder. Both presented with primary amenorrhea at the age of 18 and 19 years old. The hormonal profiles ruled out hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and primary ovarian failure. Magnetic resonance imaging of both patients showed the absence of uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, but the presence of proximal 1/3rd of the vagina. There is a single testis in the left inguinal region with unknown status of spermatogenesis. Women with CAIS are vulnerable to various psychological conditions caused by the appalling fact of being genotypically male when they have been raised female all their life. The gender confusion, reproductive issues, and how others perceive them require sensitive support. Hence, accentuate the need to explore and address the emotional, psychological, and psychiatric vulnerabilities, religious and spiritual beliefs in issues of relationships, infertility, and conception.

The Socio-economic and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Malaysian Private Dentists: An Exploratory Study

@#The global COVID-19 Pandemic combined with nationwide economic depression and public fear had caused dental clinics in Malaysia to experience a significant reduction in patient visits with a potential impact on the socio-economic and psychological status of Malaysian private dentists. This study assesses the socio-economic and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Malaysian private dentists. A cross-sectional online questionnaire included demographic profile, socioeconomic factors and psychological status was used. Participation was voluntary. Descriptive statistics on the three variables were generated. Pearson Chi-square test was used to check for significant difference (p<0.05). In all, 95 private dentists voluntarily participated. Male and female participants were equally represented, mostly in the 22-25 group (62%). The Job Insecurity Scale measurement showed 58% and 48.5% participants respectively, were socio-economically and psychologically affected. The Financial Threat Scale showed 44.4% of respondents were financially affected, while 51% (measured by the General health questionnaire) displayed affected health. The socio-economicpsychological aspect was found to be statistically significant (p =0.018). Within the limitation of sample size, participating private dentists were found to be socio-economically and psychologically affected by the COVID19 pandemic.

Comparison of Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Health Care Professionals working in COVID versus Non COVID Health care facilities in

Background: The study aimed to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care professionals (HCPs). Methodology: It was a cross sectional study carried out on health care professionals (doctors, nursing staff and paramedical HCPs) in India. Depression, generalized anxiety, panic symptoms, hypochondriacal and obsessional symptoms were assessed through questions based on ICD-10 criteria. A pre tested google questionnaire was prepared and its link was sent through various social media. Results: A total of 626 HCPs (385 doctors, 124 nursing staff, 117 Paramedical HCPs) were included in the study. Depression, generalized anxiety, panic symptoms, hypochondriacal symptoms and obsessional symptoms were found in 13.3%, 21.2% 5.1%, 16.5% and 32.6% of the HCPs respectively. Depression, generalized anxiety and panic symptoms were found to be significantly higher in the HCPs of COVID health care facilities (p0.009; p<0.001; p0.035 respectively). Female HCP was associated with depression [OR 2.34 (1.38-3.96); p-0.002] and panic symptoms [OR 3.43 (1.46-8.07); p-0.005]. Generalized anxiety was more common in HCPs working in COVID health care facilities [1.91 (1.20-3.03); p-0.006]. Conclusion: The study concludes that being a female health care professional, doctors and those working in COVID health care facilities were at a higher risk of having poor psychological health.

Screening of depression and anxiety amongst resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a public health emergency and has affected people in several domains including physical, financial, and psychological. Resident doctors have also suffered from psychological issues while working at the frontline to help the community. Aim: To screen for anxiety and depression among resident doctors of various departments involved/not involved in COVID-19 duty. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 175 resident doctors of various departments at a tertiary care hospital. They were screened for depression using the Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and for anxiety using a seven-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7). The study was conducted through an online survey using Google forms. Results: Out of 175 resident doctors, 15.42% were screened positive for depression requiring treatment and 15.42% for anxiety requiring further evaluation. Significant association was found between depression and presence of any kind of symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity, between anxiety and gender, presence of psychiatric comorbidity, and any kind of symptoms. Conclusion: Our study suggested elevated levels of anxiety and depression due to COVID-19 pandemic. This alarmed the need of early psychiatric intervention to help them cope with the issue.

Análisis de red de síntomas de angustia psicológica, estrés postraumático y miedo por COVID-19 en adultos peruanos

RESUMEN Introducción: la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) y las medidas de distanciamiento social utilizado para mitigar la propagación del virus puede tener graves consecuencias para la salud mental. Objetivo: investigar la red de componentes de la sintomatología de la angustia psicológica, estrés y el miedo al COVID-19 en adultos peruanos durante la primera oleada pandémica en el Perú durante el 2020. Métodos: fueron incluidos 609 adultos peruanos (57,51% mujeres; M edad: 27,04) de la ciudad Metropolitana de Lima, quienes respondieron los instrumentos adaptados al español: Impact of event scale-revised-R (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) y Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), cuyas respuestas de los reactivos representaron el análisis de red con las medidas de centralidad y estabilidad de los nodos. Resultados: se observaron mayores medidas de centralidad en los reactivos de estado de ánimo depresivo, miedo al contagio y miedo a la muerte por COVID-19. Las mayores conexiones de red se encontraron entre los síntomas depresivos, síntomas postraumáticos de evitación, síntomas emocionales del miedo al COVID-19. Asimismo, se demostró la estabilidad de las medidas de centralidad de fuerza y la precisión de los nodos o variables de la red. Conclusiones: los participantes manifestaron mayores niveles de síntomas de depresión y miedo al COVID-19, tales síntomas fueron más centrales en la red y reportaron conexiones de mayor activación en la red, cuya consideración es determinante para una mejor eficacia en la intervención y prevención ante la pandemia para los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud y del comportamiento

ABSTRACT Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and the social distancing measures used to mitigate the spread of the virus may have serious mental health consequences. Objective: To investigate the components network of the symptomatology of psychological distress, stress and fear of COVID-19 in Peruvian adults during the first pandemic wave in Peru during 2020. Methods: Six hundred nine Peruvian adults were includeds (57.51% women; M age: 27.04) from the Metropolitan city of Lima, who responded to the instruments adapted to Spanish: Impact of event scale-revised-R (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), whose item responses represented the network analysis with measures of centrality and stability of the nodes. Results: Higher measures of centrality were observed for the depressed mood, fear of contagion and fear of death items by COVID-19. The greatest network connections were found among depressive symptoms, post-traumatic avoidance symptoms, emotional symptoms of fear of COVID-19. Also, the stability of the strength centrality measures and the accuracy of the network nodes or variables was demonstrated. Conclusions: Participants manifested higher levels of symptoms of depression and fear of COVID-19, such symptoms were more central in the network, and reported higher activation connections in the network, the consideration of which is determinant for better effectiveness in pandemic intervention and prevention for health and behavioral sciences professionals

Psychological impact, coping strategies used and the effect of ‘brief psychological intervention’ on mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Healthcare workers on the frontline who are directly involved in the treatment of COVID-19 patients are at a special risk of physical, psychological and social impact of the pandemic. This challenging situation is causing various mental health problems like distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and fear which affects their decision making ability in treating patients and also has long term physical and psychological implications. This study was aimed at investigating the psychological impact, coping strategies used and the effect of ‘brief psychological intervention’ on mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic between May and October 2020. Methodology: Total 175 healthcare workers participated in the interventional study. ‘General health Questionnaire-12’ and ‘Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R)’ were used to assess psychiatric morbidity and posttraumatic stress respectively; ‘brief-COPE’ was used for assessing coping strategies used. An oral session of ‘brief psychological intervention’ was delivered and reassessment by IES-R was done 3 months later. Results: Fear of spreading or contracting infection was more among females and nurses. Doctors had higher psychiatric morbidity and posttraumatic stress (PTS); there were no statistically significant gender differences in the same. Participants with higher psychiatric morbidity also had more PTS. Use of approach coping strategies showed least PTS. The interventional module was effective in stress alleviation. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had led to considerable stress among healthcare workers. Imparting regular psychological intervention can help in preparedness and building resilience to tackle the taxing circumstances that have arisen due to the pandemic

The invisible sufferers of the COVID-19 pandemic: Mental health impact and intervention for children and adolescents

Children and adolescents frequently bear the brunt of psychosocial as well as global issues going on in their environment silently. They are particularly vulnerable during public health emergencies like pandemics due to their limited understanding of the event, inadequate coping strategies and inability to communicate their feelings like adults. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the initial phases of understanding the illness, methods of treatment and disease containment have been formulated and initiated. The next area of priority can focus on the potential short and long-term negative repercussions of such a massive and unpredictable pandemic. This paper focuses in the domains of psychological impact and manifestations in children and adolescents, impact on parents, impact of prolonged school closure and interventions for the same.

Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Among Medical Students in Malaysia

@#Introduction: The Coronavirus disease-2019 impacted the governments and public health systems worldwide, with the psychological impact including an increase in the level of stress, anxiety and depression. We determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and to determine the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic amongst medical students in Sarawak, Malaysia using the revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R). Methods: We analysed 355 medical student’s data obtained from an online survey. All the undergraduate medical students were the sample population. IBM SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. A p-value of ≤.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Analysis indicated that three-fourths of the students had no mental health issues. More than one-tenth of the students were moderately depressed (12.4%) and 4.3% severely depressed. A similar pattern of prevalence of anxiety was noted with 10% reported moderate anxiety, and 6.8% had severe anxiety. 15.8% of the students had mild stress, 4.2% moderately stressed, and 2% severely stressed. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that hyperarousal appeared to be a predictor of depression (β=.466, p<.001), anxiety (β=.481, p<.001) and stress β=.508, p<.001). Along with hyperarousal, intrusion (β=.148, p<.05) predicts stress among the students. Conclusion: Our analysis revealed that hyperarousal symptoms related to the global pandemic of COVID-19 led to significant mental health issues among students. Therefore, urgent strategies to support the students’ psychosocial wellbeing and self-care and to strengthen their coping skills and resilience need to be implemented.

Psychological impacts on patients with COVID-19 in a Thai field hospital

ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigates the psychological impacts and their associated factors on patients with COVID-19 at a Thai field hospital. Methods: All eligible patients confirmed to have COVID-19 at Thammasat University field hospital completed an online self-reported mental health screening questionnaire which collected sociodemographic data, their clinical characteristics, and used the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). Results: A total of 40 patients participated in the study. The depression rate was found to be 22.5%, while the anxiety rate was 30%, and the stress rate was 20%. Having a history of psychiatric disorder alone was significantly associated with a higher DASS-21 score (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, gender, age, level of education, occupation, living status, severity of COVID-19, and the number of days admitted to hospital prior to the field hospital were not found to be associated with the DASS-21 scores (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in patients with COVID-19 at the field hospital were common. Patients with a history of psychiatric disorder should undergo specific evaluation during the isolation phase.

A Comparative Study of Problems Faced by the Young- Middle Aged- / Elderly-Adults during COVID Pandemic in Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region)

As the pandemic of COVID-19 has hit the globe, the associated uncertainty is progressively testing the psychological resilience of the masses in India too. Accordingly, the global focus has been mostly on scrutinizing, finding a cure and preventing its transmission; people are facing innumerable psychological problems, adjusting to the current lifestyles and also living in fear of the infection from disease. Since there is a severe dearth of research on this issue, it was decided to conduct an online survey to compare the problems faced by young and middle-aged / elderly adults in the society in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) during the lockdown period due to COVID-19. We wanted to analyse and compare the problems faced by young and the middle aged / elderly adults in Delhi NCR during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODSA total of 450 people had given their consent to participate in this survey through a cross sectional survey during the lockdown period in Delhi-NCR region. Two separate questionnaires were created through google forms and were distributed via WhatsApp groups and other social media platforms. It consisted of 25 questions each based on the problems faced by the young and the middle aged / elderly adults. RESULTSThe study revealed that the young aged and middle-aged / elderly adults were similarly affected due to the lockdown. It also showed that the young adults were concerned to some extent about the studies in the school, college and university through online classes, not able to mix up with their friends for happy hours, getting bored and spending time watching movies / web series, and faced some mood swings due to the restrictions of COVID-19; whereas, the middle-aged / elderly adults were under a fear of getting infected, isolation, work from home, not able to help their relatives, confusion due to change in their routine, losing jobs, and were also upset with the reduction of their salary. CONCLUSIONSBoth the groups were similarly frustrated and stressed but for different reasons during this lockdown and in order to cope with the psychological stress, they should be counselled and given stress relieving sessions or should indulge in updating knowledge, skills etc. by attending to various online webinars, workshops etc.